Diplomatic relations between Türkiye and Austria started 160 years after the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. Until the end of the Middle Ages, mutual ambassadors were sent for reasons such as declaration of war, peace treaty, territorial disputes, alliances, enthronement, weddings and funerals.

Despite the fact that Austria had a permanent diplomatic representation in Istanbul since the middle of the 16th century, the representation of the Ottoman Empire in Austria was limited to “ad hoc” Ambassadors until the end of the 1700s. The first Permanent Ambassador İbrahim Afif Efendi arrived in Vienna in 1798.

The first (1529) and second (1683) siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Empire appear to have a long-standing effect on relations. Relations with mutual struggle turned into alliance in the First World War. Ottoman and Austrian soldiers fought alongside on the Galician front in the First World War. The alliance relationship was reinforced with the "Friendship Agreement" signed in 1924 between Türkiye and Austria.

Turkish community in Austria constitutes one of the most important elements in Turkish-Austrian relations. Turkish community in Austria is composed of nearly 300.000 people.

Former Chancellor Karl Nehammer paid an official visit to Türkiye on 10 October 2023. This visit constituted the first visit of Austria to Türkiye on a Chancellor level after 22 years. Within the scope of the visit, former Chancellor Nehammer had a meeting with President Erdoğan as well as Prof. Dr. Numan Kurtulmuş, Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and attended the Türkiye-Austria Business Council Round Table Meeting.

Former Austrian Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg and Interior Minister Gerhard Karner visited Türkiye on 3-4 July 2022. Former Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu paid a visit to Austria on 14 April 2023 and held bilateral meetings.

Former Austrian Foreign Minister Schallenberg paid a visit to Türkiye on 13-14 May 2024 and had talks with his counterpart Minister Fidan as well as with Mr. Ali Yerlikaya, Minister of Interior.

There have been numerous meetings between high level authorities of two countries in the recent period, especially at the margins of international meetings and conferences.